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203
M U N D A R I J A
So‘z boshi ................................................................................................. 3
Kirish ........................................................................................................5
1-BOB. GIDROMETRIYA FANI, UNING VAZIFALARI VA
XALQ XO'JALIGIDAGI AHAMIYATI
1.1. Gidrometriya fani predmeti, maqsadi, v azifalari....................... 8
1.2. Gidrometriyaning shakllanish va rivojlanish tarixi .................10
1.3. Gidrometriyaning tadqiqot usullari ........................................... 20
1.4. Gidrometriyaning xalq xo‘jaligidagi ahamiyati ...................... 22
2-BOB. SUV 0 ‘LCHASH POSTLARINI TASHKIL ETTSH,
ULARDA KUZATISHLARNI AMALGA OSHIRISH
2.1. Suv o ‘lchash postlarining turlari ................................................27
2.1.1. Oddiy suv o ‘lchash p o s tla ri..................................................... 29
2.1.2. Uzatma suv o ic h a sh postlari .................................................. 31
2.1.3. 0 ‘ziyozar suv o‘lchash p o s tla ri...............................................33
2.1.4. Nishablik suv o ‘lchash postlari ...............................................36
2.2. Suv sathini aniq o ‘lchaydigan asboblar va qurilmalar ........... 37
2.3. Suv o ic h a sh postlarini tashkil etish, ularda kuzatishlami
amalga o sh irish ......................................................................................38
2.3.1. Stansiya va post tarmoqlari, ulaming turlari ........................ 38
2.3.2. Daryolaming suv sathi rejimi va uni k u z a tis h ...................... 42
2.4. Suv o ic h a sh postlarini tashkil etish tamoyillari, ulardagi
balandlik va hisob sistemasi ............................................................... 43
2.5. Suv o ic h ash postlarini qurish uchun joy tanlash va unda
bajariladigan ishlar ...............................................................................46
2.6. Suv o ich ash postini bir joydan ikkinchi joyga k o 'c h iris h .... 48
2.7. 0 ‘ziyozar suv o ic h a sh qurilmasi lentasini qayta ishlash ..... 50
2.8. Suv sathini kuzatish ma'lumotlarini maxsus qayta is h la sh .... 52
2.9. Moslashgan suv sathlarining b og ian ish grafigi ...................... 53
204
3-BOB. CHUQURLIKLARNI 0 ‘LCHASH VA CHUQURLIK
0 ‘LCHASH M A'LUM OTLARINl QAYTA ISHLASH
3.1. Chuqurlik o ‘lchash ishlarining maqsadi, v a z ifa la ri.................59
3.2. Chuqurliklarni oichashda bajariladigan ishlar tarkibi ........... 60
3.3. Chuqurlik o ‘lchash qurilmalari, asbob-uskunalari va
jih o z la ri................................................................................................... 61
3.4. Chuqurlik o ‘lchash ishlarini bajarish usullari ..........................66
3.5. K o‘llar va suv omborlarida chuqurlik o ‘lchashning o ‘ziga xos
xususiyatlari .......................................................................................... 67
3.6. Chuqurlik o ‘lchash ma'lumotlarini qayta ishlash .................... 68
3.7. Daryo o ‘zani k o ‘ndalang qirqimi chizmasini chizish,
o‘zanning morfometrik k o ‘rsatkichlarini hisoblash ....................... 69
3.8. Daryo o ‘zanining b o ‘ylama qirqimi planini tuzish .................71
3.9. K o‘llar va suv omborlarida o ‘lchangan chuqurliklarni qayta
ishlash, ulaming planini tu z is h ........................................................... 78
4-BOB. DARYO 0 ‘ZANIDA SUVNING OQ1SH
TEZLIGIN1 0 ‘LCHASH
4.1. Ochiq o ‘zanlarda suvning harakati haqida umumiy
m a’lu m o tla r........................................................................................... 84
4.2. Daryo o‘zanida tezlikning taqsimlanishi .................................. 86
4.3. Daryoda suvning oqish tezligini o ic h ash usullari ..................87
4.4. Gidrometrik parrak nazariyasi a so slari......................................91
4.5. Gidrometrik parrakni darajalash.................................................93
4.6. Qalqimalar yordamida tezlikni aniqlash....................................96
4.7. Suvning oqish tezligini hisoblash u su lla ri.............................. 102
5-BOB. DARYO VA KANALLARDA SUV SARFINI
ANIQLASH
5.1. Suv sarfini aniqlashning ilmiy va amaliy ahamiyati ............ I 10
5.2. Gidrometrik stvomi qurish va uni jih o z la s h .......................... I l l
5.3. Suv sarfini o ‘lchash usullari .................................................... 11/
205
5.4. Suv sarfini gidrometrik parraklarlar yordamida an iq la sh .... 119
5.5. Suv sarfini hisoblash usullari ................................................... 120
6-BOB. SUV SARFI EGRI C H IZ IG i GRAFIGT VA
UNDAN AMALDA FOYDALANISH
6.1. Suv sarfi bilan suv sathi orasidagi bog‘lanishni an iq la sh .... 128
6.2. Suv sarfi egri chizig‘i grafigi v au n i ekstrapolyatsiya qilish
u s u lla ri.................................................................................................. 129
6.3. Suv sarfi egri chizig‘i grafigini bir ma'noli boMmagan
bog‘lanishlar uchun tuzish ............................................................... 130
6.4. Suv sarfi egri chizig‘i grafigi yordamida gidrologik
yilnomani tuzish ................................................................................. 134
6.5. Xarakterli suv sarflarini aniqlash va daryo oqimini hisoblash .. 135
7-BOB. DARYOLARNING LOYQA OQIZIQLARI VA
ERIGAN MODDALARI OQIMINI 0 ‘RGANISH
7.1. Daryolaming loyqa oqiziqlari haqida umumiy ma'lumotlar 138
7.2. Daryolar oqiziqlari oqimini aniqlashda qo'llaniladigan
asboblar ................................................................................................141
7.3. Muallaq oqiziqlar sarfini o ‘lchash va oqimini hisoblash .... 145
7.4. 0 ‘zan tubi oqiziqlarini o ‘lchash va hisoblash ....................... 148
7.5. Oqiziqlar va o ‘zan tubi yotqiziqlari namunalarini laboratoriya .
sharoitida qayta ishlash ..................................................................... 149
7.6. Daryo suvining minerallashuvi va erigan moddalar oqimini
h iso b lash ...............................................................................................150
8-BOB. SUV OBYEKTLAR1DA MAXSUS KUZATISHLAR
8.1. Suv obyektlarida bajariladigan maxsus kuzatishlarning
mohiyati va v azifalari........................................................................ 154
8.2. Suvning tiniqligi, rangi va haroratini kuzatish ...................... 156
8.3. Daryolarda muzlash hodisalarini kuzatish .............................159
206
9-BOB. DAVLAT SUV KADASTRI,
U N I N G
MOHIYATI VA
MAZMUNI
9.1. Davlat suv kadastri, maqsadi, v a z ifa la ri..................................169
9.2. Davlat suv kadastrining tarkibiy qismlari .............................. 182
9.2.1. Gidrologik o ‘rg anilg an lik....................................................... 182
9.2.2. Gidrologik y iln o m a la r.............................................................183
9.2.3. Asosiy gidrologik k o ‘rs a tk ic h la r...........................................184
9.2.4. Yuza suvlar resurslari ..............................................................184
9.2.5. M uzliklar katalogi ................................................................... 185
9.2.6. Qor ko‘chkilari kadastri ......................................................... 185
9.2.7. Suv - energetika kadastri ......................................................186
Test savollari ....................................................................................... 187
G lossariy............................................................................................... 195
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar.................................................................. 202
207
F. X ik m ato v , G .X . Y u n u so v , N .Z . S agdeyev,
D .M . T u rg u n o v , R .R . Z iy ay ev
GIDROMETRIYA
O ‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va o ‘rta maxsus ta 'lim vazirligi
tomonidan 5141100 - Gidrologiya yo ‘nalishi bo ‘yicha
darslik sifatida tavsiya etilgan
«Sano-standart» - Toshkent, 2014.
Muharrir:
Texnik muharrir:
Musahhih:
Dizayner
A. Tilavov
U.Saidov
S.Bozorova
U.Saidov
Nash.lits. Jfe AI 245. 02.10.2013.
Terishga 04.08.2014-yilda berildi. Bosishga 16.10.2014-yilda ruxsat etildi.
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