help of a smart object detection system, enhanced security
systems for smart homes can provide better safety.
Te rapid growth of automation technology has led it to
domestic service, which introduced the term “smart home.”
Due to the high demand and success in the market, constant
upgrading in this sector is noticeable. To get a better un-
derstanding of the ongoing demand as well as the future of
this industry, predictions and analyses carried out by the
World Economic Forum (WEF) suggest that the value of this
industry will likely hit 13 trillion USD within 2030 [7].
According to Statista, for the year of 2021, the smart home
market was likely to hit 99.41 billion USD globally [8]. All the
predictions and studies target the greater growth of smart
home technology. As it grows, expectations are likely to be
increased as well. Te smart home was considered a con-
venience product at the preliminary stage, but as the
technology grew, it turned out to be a solution of efciency,
preference, and security as well. Studies have shown that
smart homes can reduce the total electricity cost, which can
greatly afect efciency [9, 10]. Even though a single unit of
a smart home saves very little using this technology, col-
lectively, the impact is greater than what it was before. Smart
homes can also play a great role in the security system of the
house, which is another feld with great potential. A security
system can utilize various sensors within the smart home to
ensure a safer environment [11, 12]. Te smart home can
also play a great role in the ambient luxury of the home,
which is its biggest market. However, if implemented cor-
rectly, smart home technology can be properly utilized for
the handicapped, elders, and patients as well [13].
Application-specifc systems such as motion and image
recognition systems can provide an assistive technology that
can be utilized by patients with limitations due to age or
certain conditions [14]. Virtual reality systems are also
coming into play in similar cases as well [15].
A revolution in technological development caused
a mass advancement in the Internet, information, and
communication technology, which led to the develop-
ment of better quality SHSs at a relatively lower cost.
Interest in SHS research is at its all-time highest. Re-
search interest in SHSs has been high throughout the last
decade. However, there is a lack of collective information
assortment and demonstration of the previous works
related to this feld for future research reference. Several
recent review papers [16–18] provided short descriptions
of the recent advancements in the feld of SHSs and
presented the advantages and disadvantages of the so-
lutions discussed by researchers. However, these works
failed to provide a categorical analysis of the diferent
approaches followed by researchers or microprocessors
and sensors used in the development of recent SHSs or
services provided by SHSs. For these reasons, it has
become necessary to review SHSs based on technological
approaches,
microprocessors,
sensors,
networking
methods, computational techniques, and services. In this
review, an overview of the current works on techno-
logical development in smart homes, based on the
aforementioned subjects, is presented. Tis paper also
analyses the data obtained from the works of several
researchers to provide an accurate description of the
specifc areas and methods followed by scholars in SHSs.
Tis work flls up the gap left by the previous reviews as
mentioned previously by illustrating as follows:
(i) Various technological approaches used by diferent
SHSs and their suitability
(ii) Microprocessors and microcontrollers used in the
development of SHSs
(iii) Te various types of sensors used in the develop-
ment of SHSs
(iv) A comprehensive review and classifcation of SHSs
based on numerous characteristics such as net-
working technologies, computational approaches,
user interfaces, and services provided
(v) A thorough analysis of the data collected from the
literature
Te main aim of this review is to provide a collection of
the most recent research advancements made in the feld of
SHSs. Tis extensive review will help researchers, engineers,
designers, and other people involved in the development of
SHSs ofering a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of
SHSs, along with a general idea of recent trends.
Figure 1 presents the overall structure of this paper. An
introduction and motivation for this paper are presented in
Section 1. Te process through which the research materials
are selected is described in Section 2. Tis process is divided
into 3 segments: planning, review, and result. Section 3
presents a literature review of a few selected research articles.
Sections 4–6 describe the technological approaches,
microcontrollers, and sensors used in the development of
SHSs by various researchers. Later sections analyze the
networking technologies, user interfaces, computational
methods, and services provided in SHSs. A comprehensive
analysis based on the reviewed factors in the previous
sections is provided in the discussion section. Finally,
concluding observations have been provided in the con-
clusion section.
